Geographic Terms
Aegean Sea- Sea located to the east of Greece
Mediterranean Sea- Sea located to the south of Greece
Ionian Sea- Sea located to the west of Greece
Crete- large island located to the south of Greece
Mt. Olympus- Mountain in Greece where the gods/goddesses live
Peloponnesus- southern part of Greece, connected to the mainland by a narrow strip of land
Isthmus- a narrow strip of land surrounded by water on both side, connecting two larger areas of land
Archipelago- a group of many islands
peninsula a piece of land nearly surrounded by water
Athens- city-state in Greece that focused on developing the mind
Sparta- city-state in Greece that focused on developing the body
colony a group of people living in a new territory with close ties to their homeland; the new territory itself
polis a Greek city-state
agora a gathering place or marketplace in ancient Greece
Government
tyrant an absolute ruler unrestrained by law
democracy a government by the people
direct democracy a form of democracy in which all citizens can participate firsthand in the decision-making process
representative democracy a form of democracy in which citizens elect officials to govern on their behalf
oligarchy-a government in which a small group has control
monarchy- a government ruled by a king or queen
philosopher a person who searches for wisdom or enlightenment-Socrates, Plato, Artistotle
myth a traditional story that explains a culture’s beliefs or part of the natural world
fable a story that teaches a lesson
oral tradition the custom of passing stories from one generation to the next by telling the stories out loud
drama a story that is told by the actions and spoken words of actors
tragedy a drama in which characters struggle to overcome problems, but fail
comedy a drama that tells a humorous story
Sophists Greek teachers of philosophy, reasoning, and public speaking- Philosophers: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
Socratic method philosophical method of questioning to gain truth; developed by Socrates
Hippocratic Oath a set of promises about patient care that new doctors make when they start practicing medicine
Hellenistic Era the time period after Alexander died when Greek culture spread to all the lands in his empire
Key People
Alexander the Great-formed a huge empire and spread Greek culture into new area
Pericles- the most famous leader in all of Athenian history, wated the city's people to be proud of their city.
Socrates Great philosopher- lived and taught in Athens
Plato Great philosopher- lived and taught in Athens- student of Socrates
Artistotle- Great philosopher- lived and taught in Athens-student of Socrates
Zeus- was the god of the sky and ruler of the Olympian gods
Poseidon- god of the sea
Athena-the Greek goddess of wisdom, war, the arts, industry, justice and skill. She was the favorite child of Zeus.
Architectural terms
column- most recognizable feature of Greek architecture, a straight pillar used to suppor the weight of the building and create a grand entrance
capital- top of an architectural column
Doric- column with a capital or top that is plain
Ionic- column with a capital or top that has scrolls
Corinthian-column with a capital or top that is elaborate and ornate
Aegean Sea- Sea located to the east of Greece
Mediterranean Sea- Sea located to the south of Greece
Ionian Sea- Sea located to the west of Greece
Crete- large island located to the south of Greece
Mt. Olympus- Mountain in Greece where the gods/goddesses live
Peloponnesus- southern part of Greece, connected to the mainland by a narrow strip of land
Isthmus- a narrow strip of land surrounded by water on both side, connecting two larger areas of land
Archipelago- a group of many islands
peninsula a piece of land nearly surrounded by water
Athens- city-state in Greece that focused on developing the mind
Sparta- city-state in Greece that focused on developing the body
colony a group of people living in a new territory with close ties to their homeland; the new territory itself
polis a Greek city-state
agora a gathering place or marketplace in ancient Greece
Government
tyrant an absolute ruler unrestrained by law
democracy a government by the people
direct democracy a form of democracy in which all citizens can participate firsthand in the decision-making process
representative democracy a form of democracy in which citizens elect officials to govern on their behalf
oligarchy-a government in which a small group has control
monarchy- a government ruled by a king or queen
philosopher a person who searches for wisdom or enlightenment-Socrates, Plato, Artistotle
myth a traditional story that explains a culture’s beliefs or part of the natural world
fable a story that teaches a lesson
oral tradition the custom of passing stories from one generation to the next by telling the stories out loud
drama a story that is told by the actions and spoken words of actors
tragedy a drama in which characters struggle to overcome problems, but fail
comedy a drama that tells a humorous story
Sophists Greek teachers of philosophy, reasoning, and public speaking- Philosophers: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
Socratic method philosophical method of questioning to gain truth; developed by Socrates
Hippocratic Oath a set of promises about patient care that new doctors make when they start practicing medicine
Hellenistic Era the time period after Alexander died when Greek culture spread to all the lands in his empire
Key People
Alexander the Great-formed a huge empire and spread Greek culture into new area
Pericles- the most famous leader in all of Athenian history, wated the city's people to be proud of their city.
Socrates Great philosopher- lived and taught in Athens
Plato Great philosopher- lived and taught in Athens- student of Socrates
Artistotle- Great philosopher- lived and taught in Athens-student of Socrates
Zeus- was the god of the sky and ruler of the Olympian gods
Poseidon- god of the sea
Athena-the Greek goddess of wisdom, war, the arts, industry, justice and skill. She was the favorite child of Zeus.
Architectural terms
column- most recognizable feature of Greek architecture, a straight pillar used to suppor the weight of the building and create a grand entrance
capital- top of an architectural column
Doric- column with a capital or top that is plain
Ionic- column with a capital or top that has scrolls
Corinthian-column with a capital or top that is elaborate and ornate